TOEFL Scoring
Each TOEFL section is scored 0–30. The total score is the sum of the four section scores (0–120). This page outlines how scores are produced and reported.
Section scores
Reading and Listening use automated scoring. Raw correct-answer counts are converted to the 0–30 scaled score. Speaking and Writing use human raters and, where applied, automated systems (e.g. e-rater for Writing). Each speaking and writing response receives a raw score on a 0–4 or 0–5 scale; raw scores are combined and converted to the section scale.
Each section contributes equally to the total: 25% each. There is no minimum per section; institutions set their own requirements and may specify section minimums.
Total score
Total score = Reading + Listening + Speaking + Writing. Range: 0–120. Typical institutional requirements fall in broad bands (e.g. 80–100 for many graduate programmes), but requirements vary. Check each institution’s policy.
Human and AI scoring
Human raters are trained to apply ETS rubrics consistently. Speaking and Writing responses may be scored by multiple raters; when scores differ beyond a threshold, resolution procedures (e.g. additional rater, adjudication) are used. Automated scoring supplements human scoring where validated. ETS publishes rubrics for Speaking and Writing; they emphasise delivery, language use, and topic development.
Raw scores are mapped to the 0–30 scale using conversion tables. The mapping may be updated when the test form or scoring procedures change.
Score reporting
Official scores are typically available online about 6 days after the test. At the end of the test, you may see unofficial Reading and Listening scores and choose whether to report or cancel. If you cancel, no scores are reported. Score reports are usually valid for 2 years; institutions may differ. You can send scores to institutions at registration or after receiving them; fees may apply.
TOEFL is a registered trademark of ETS. This content is for informational purposes only and is not affiliated with the test owner.